Understanding the Connection Between Working Memory and Dyslexia

Dyslexia, a common learning difference, affects many children worldwide; at least 20 percent of the global population is dyslexic. At The Roberts Academy at Mercer University, we strive to provide the best resources and support for students with dyslexia.

Understanding the role of working memory in dyslexia can significantly enhance teaching strategies and parental support. In this blog post, we will explore the connection between working memory and dyslexia and offer practical tips for parents and educators.

What is Dyslexia?

According to the International Dyslexia Association, “dyslexia is a specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities.”

Dyslexia is not a sign of intelligence, nor does it equate to a lack of motivation. In fact, many of the world’s most notable entrepreneurs, scientists, political leaders, artists, musicians, and entertainers are dyslexic!

What is Working Memory?

Working memory is a cognitive system that temporarily holds and manipulates information. It is crucial for tasks such as following instructions, problem-solving, and learning new information.

In children with dyslexia, working memory often presents challenges that can affect reading and writing abilities.

The Link Between Working Memory and Dyslexia

Research shows that children with dyslexia frequently have deficits in working memory. IDA reports that approximately 10 percent of dyslexics struggle with working memory. These deficits can manifest in several ways:

1. Reading Comprehension: Difficulty holding and processing information while reading can make comprehension challenging.
2. Phonological Processing: Struggles with recalling and manipulating sounds in words impact reading fluency.
3. Spelling and Writing: Poor working memory can lead to difficulties in spelling and organizing written work.

Strategies to Support Students with Dyslexia

Understanding the working memory challenges faced by dyslexic students is the first step in providing effective support. Here are some strategies that parents and educators can implement:

1. Chunking Information: Break down instructions and information into smaller, manageable chunks.
2. Visual Aids: Use visual supports like charts, diagrams, and infographics to reinforce learning.
3. Repetition and Practice: Regular review and practice can help solidify new information.

Assistive Technology: Tools like audiobooks and text-to-speech software can alleviate the burden on working memory.

How the Orton-Gillingham Approach Addresses Working Memory

The Orton-Gillingham approach is a highly effective method for teaching students with dyslexia. It is specifically designed to address the challenges of working memory. Here’s how:

1. Multisensory Techniques: Orton-Gillingham employs multisensory teaching methods that engage multiple senses (visual, auditory, and kinesthetic-tactile) to enhance memory and learning.
2. Structured, Sequential Instruction: The approach breaks down reading and spelling into small, manageable steps, allowing students to build upon their knowledge systematically.
3. Personalized Learning: Instruction is tailored to the individual needs of each student, ensuring that their unique working memory challenges are addressed.
4. Reinforcement and Repetition: Frequent review and practice help reinforce learning and improve retention of new information.

The Roberts Academy uses the Orton-Gillingham approach to help strengthen working memory and improve reading and writing skills in its students.

The Role of The Roberts Academy

At The Roberts Academy, we incorporate these strategies into our teaching methods to ensure our students receive the best possible education. Our specialized programs are designed to strengthen working memory, improve literacy, and make gains in overall academic performance.

Conclusion

Recognizing the connection between working memory and dyslexia is essential for providing effective support to dyslexic students. By implementing targeted strategies, parents and educators can help these children overcome their challenges and achieve academic success.

For more information and resources, visit The Roberts Academy website or contact our team today.